Thursday, June 30, 2011

Why does the Census Bureau ask about race?



Below is the exact quote from the U.S. census attempting to explain the logic behind the "race" ethnicity question on the U.S. census.

"The Census Bureau collects race data in accordance with guidelines provided by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget and these data are based on self-identification. The racial categories included in the census form generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country, and are not an attempt to define race biologically, anthropologically or genetically. In addition, it is recognized that the categories of the race item include racial and national origin or socio-cultural groups. People may choose to report more than one race to indicate their racial mixture, such as “American Indian and White.” People who identify their origin as Hispanic, Latino or Spanish may be of any race. In addition, it is recognized that the categories of the race item include both racial and national origin or socio-cultural groups. You may choose more than one race category." -census.gov

Apparently the department of redundancy department wrote that paragraph. Regardless, why is the word "race" not in quotes when they admit that they are not referring to the biological meaning of the word "race". 

Why does the U.S. government continue every 10 years with the inconsistency in the categories?

First they start with a color (white), which they say is not intended as a color but as a "racial-socio-cultural' group. If they don't intend the meaning of color, why are they using a word that defines a color on an official government form?
Next line is again color (black), continent-of-origin-nationality (African-American), and race (Negro).
European-American and Caucasian are not listed. Why?

All the other check boxes do not mention color (such as yellow or red) as a choice. Why?
Is is because over-simplifying a whole group of people into a false mono-color identity is offensive?

The other check boxes focus on continent of origin, nation of origin, territory of origin and ethnicity. Why?
Would it not be more helpful to know the education background of each family, regardless of their origins?
Or would that be offensive to collect? Does the U.S. care what is offensive to collect?

Here is more of the inconsistent information gathered from the "race" check boxes:

continent-of-origin and ethnicity (American Indian) 
location-of-origin and ethnicity (Alaska Native)
continent-of-origin and ethnicity (Asian Indian) Any "race" or color can be from India.
nation of origin (Japanese) Any "race" or color could be from Japan.
ethnicity-location-of-origin (Native Hawaiian)
nation of origin (Chinese) Any "race" or color could be from China.
nation of origin (Korean) Any "race" or color could be from Korea.
territory of origin (Guamanian or Chamorro) Any "race" or color could be from Gram or the Mariana Islands
nation of origin (Filipino) Any "race" or color could be from the Philippines. 
nation of origin (Vietnamese) Any "race" or color could be from Vietnam. 
territory of origin (Samoan) Any "race" or color could be from Samoa. 
other continent of origin (Other Asian) Any "race" or color could be from Asia.
other pacific island of origin (Other Pacific Islander) Any "race" or color could be from another Pacific Island.
some other race (Print race)

What does the U.S. really want to know? 
Why does the nation of origin not matter for European-Americans and Middle Easterners?
Why does the U.S. care about nation of origin for some groups and not for other groups?
Why does the U.S. use the outdated racial word "Negro" when on the same census they do not use the racial word "Caucasian" or the outdated racial word "Oriental"?


June 2011 Cycling Totals

It's been a tale of two months. We finally got a string of good cycling weather at the start of June, and I took advantage by racking up a number of good rides and lots of miles. But then my knee started flaring up. Since June 15, I've ridden just three times for a total of 100 miles. The total for the month is 440 miles.

The knee will be surgically repaired tomorrow, and I hope to be back on the bike (at least spinning easy) within a week or so. I probably won't be racking up any serious mileage again until August.

Year to date: 2128 miles.

Are You Using Twitter As a Global Force?

Are you using Twitter as a global force for your business - a direct line of communication with your constituency base? When people respond to your Tweets, do you respond in kind? According to Tricia Mulcahy of Ogilvy PR:
A recent study* indicated eight in 10 Twitter users surveyed worldwide said they thought the answers businesses posted on Twitter were at least as trustworthy as those from regular people, and about six in 10 said they wanted businesses to respond to them on the microblogging service. Clearly this shows that Twitter is more than a nice-to-have for businesses – it is becoming an important means of real time conversation with customers.
Learn more here.

* http://www.emarketer.com/Article.aspx?R=1008440

Wednesday, June 29, 2011

China Will Become a Creative Force: Are You Ready?

Interesting article here about the creative forces behind China and why it's been slow to peak.

Why just take a look:
"If you think about a discipline where China can make its mark, it would be outdoor," said Doug Schiff. "Japan excels at interactive, Singapore is known for print and Thailand TV. In China, most of the award-winning work has been in outdoor." He said the relatively low cost of outdoor campaigns makes it easier to experiment.
Yet, tried and true trends are emerging:
... we are seeing among the Chinese creative community in general are neo-traditionalism, nostalgia/retro, and a yearning for childhood," Mr. Schokora said, noting that what those have in common is a preoccupation with history. "As forward-looking as China is, creative inspiration is still coming from its rich past and robust heritage."
Read the entire article here

Posted by:  The Global Small Business Blog

Tuesday, June 28, 2011

Why do some couples mix while others don't?




I've been trying to figure out why some people choose a spouse of the same ethnicity while others choose a spouse of a different ethnicity.
Speaking for myself (European-American), I choose a spouse of a different ethnicity because:
* I have a preference for pigmentation and dark hair.
* I didn't want someone who looks like my mom or sister.
* I don't feel particularly comfortable around the historical oppressor phenotype.
* I want to move away from "whiteness" (historical oppressor phenotype).
* I like the idea of hybrids.
* I get to think I'm thwarting the system of "racial" categories to avoid future segregation.

As to why some people choose a spouse of the same ethnicity, I would assume.
* They have a preference for the phenotype that happens to match their own.
* They don't have any weird hangups about people who might look like their relative.
* They might be proud of their ethnicity and want to make more of their ethnic type.

For more on the topic see:

What is race?


When attempting to describe biological "race" we need to include the concepts of phenotype, cline and our vast family tree roots.

phenotypethe set of characteristics of a living thing, resulting from its combination of genes and the effect of its environment

cline: a series of similar items in which each is almost the same as the ones next to it, but the last is very different from the first

family tree roots: We each have over a million ancestors counting back only 20 generations. As the roots expand they cover a larger geographic area.

Many anthropologists don't believe in the controversial concept of biological "race", rather they understand the facts of biological phenotypes and clines.

What is ethnicity?

Ethnicity is better understood when described as "ethnic background" or "ethnic heritage" because ethnicity is the combination of what your parents gave you. Ethnicity is a combination of linguistic, cultural, ancestral, national or regional ties.

Ethnicity is a good word to avoid the controversial word "race". Many anthropologists believe there are no "races", only clines of phenotypes.

Five Must-Haves To Get Started In International Sales

Here's my latest contribution for the American Express OPEN Forum via Small Business Trends:

5 Must-Haves That Make An International Sale Happen

No. 5 is my favorite.

Posted by:  The Global Small Business Blog

Monday, June 27, 2011

TOP LAST.FM

1.ADELE - ROLLING IN THE DEEP


2. [+56] Bon Iver - Perth
3. [-1] Lady Gaga - Judas
4. [+66] Bon Iver - Holocene
5.  [+68] Bon Iver - Minnesota, WI
6. [+45] Bon Iver - Calgary
7. [+77] Bon Iver - Towers
8. [+87] Bon Iver - Michicant
9. [-6] Lady Gaga - Born This Way
10. [+108] Bon Iver - Hinnom, TX

TOP ITUNES WORLDWIDE



1. PITBULL FEAT. AFROJACK, NE-YO & NAYER - GIVE ME EVERYTHING


2) [-1] LMFAO - Party Rock Anthem
3) [+1] Alexandra Stan - Mr. Saxobeat
4) [-1] Jennifer Lopez feat. Pitbull - On The Floor
5) [=] Adele - Rolling In The Deep
6) [+2] Bruno Mars - The Lazy Song
7) [NEW] Katy Perry - Last Friday Night (TGIF)
8) [-2] Lady Gaga - The Edge Of Glory
9) [RE] Shakira - Rabiosa
10) [NEW] Don Omar - Danza Kuduro

TOP LATINO

1.JENNIFER LOPEZ FEAT. PITBULL - ON THE FLOOR

2) [=] Maná - Lluvia Al Corazón
3) [=] Ricky Martin - Mas
4) [=] Lady Gaga - Judas
5) [=] Alexandra Stan - Mr. Saxobeat
6) [+5] Paulina Rubio feat. Tigres Del Norte - Golpes En El Corazón
7) [=] Adele - Rolling In The Deep
8) [+6] LMFAO - Party Rock Anthem
9) [=] Alejandra Guzman - Dia De Suerte
10) [-2] Camila - Entre Tus Alas

TOP AUSTRALIA

1.ADELE - SOMEONE LIKE YOU


2) [-1] LMFAO - Party Rock Anthem
3) [-1] Pitbull feat. Afrojack, Ne-Yo & Nayer - Give Me Everything
4) [=] Adele - Rolling In The Deep
5)[+1] Katy Perry - Last Friday Night (TGIF)
6)[+6] Christina Perri - Jar Of Hearts
7)[-2] Jason DeRulo - Don't Wanna Go Home
8) [-1] Dj Havana Brown - We Run The Night
9)[-1] Marvin Priest - Own This Club
10)[-1] Stan Walker - Loud

TOP ASIA


1. LMFAO - PARTY ROCK ANTHEM


2) [+1] Bruno Mars - The Lazy Song
3) [-1] Jennifer Lopez feat. Pitbull - On The Floor
4) [=] Pitbull feat. Afrojack, Ne-yo & Nayer - Give Me Everything
5) [=] Katy Perry feat. Kanye West - E.T.
6) [NEW] Lady Gaga - The Edge Of Glory
7) [+1] Rihanna - California King Bed
8) [+3] Beyoncé - Run The World (Girls)
9) [-2] Black Eyed Peas - Don't Stop The Party
10) [=] Linkin Park - Iridescent

TOP ESPAÑA

1.PITBULL FEAT. AFROJACK, NE-YO & NAYER - GIVE ME EVERYTHING

>

2)[-1] Jennifer Lopez feat. Pitbull - On The Floor
3)[=] Rihanna - S&M
4)[-2] Lady Gaga - Judas
5)[+1] Maldita Nerea - Fácil
6)[NEW] LMFAO - Party Rock Anthem
7)[-2] Jessie J - Price Tag
8)[+1] Mohombi - Bumpy Ride
9)[-1] Black Eyed Peas - Just Can't Get Enough
10)[NEW] David Guetta - Where Them Girls At

TOP UK

1. JASON DERULO - DON'T WANNA GO HOME

2) [-1] Example - Changed The Way You Kissed Me
3) [-1] Calvin Harris feat. Kelis - Bounce
4) [=] Pitbull feat. Afrojack, Ne-Yo & Nayer - Give Me Everything
5) [-2] Ed Sheeran - The A Team
6) [+1] Alexandra Stan - Mr. Saxobeat
7) [NEW] Vato Gonzalez - Badman Riddim
8) [+8] Lady Gaga - The Edge Of Glory
9) [-3] Nicole Scherzinger - Right There
10) [-2] Aloe Blacc - I Need A Dollar

TOP USA

1.ADELE - ROLLING IN THE DEEP


2) [=] Pitbull feat. Afrojack, Ne-Yo & Nayer - Give Me Everything
3) [=] LMFAO - Party Rock Anthem
4) [+27] Katy Perry - Last Friday Night (TGIF)
5) [-1] Katy Perry feat. Kanye West - E.T.
6) [=] Lady Gaga - The Edge Of Glory
7) [+2] Jason Aldean - Dirt Road Anthem
8) [+2] Nicki Minaj - Super Bass
9) [-4] Bruno Mars - The Lazy Song
10) [+1] Lupe Fiasco - The Show Goes On

TOP SOUTH AFRICA

1.BRUNO MARS - THE LAZY SONG



2) [+4] Jennifer Hudson - I Remember Me
3) [+5] Inna - Sun Is Up
4) [-1] Alexis Jordan - Happiness
5) [+5] CeeLo Green - Bright Lights Bigger City
6) [+6] Pitbull feat. Afrojack, Ne-Yo & Nayer - Give Me Everything
7) [-3] Selena Gomez - Who Says
8) [-6] Lloyd - Make It Easy
9) [-4] Far East Movement feat. Ryan Tedder - Rocketeer
10) [+5] Jason DeRulo - Don't Wanna Go Home

Products Make Better Exports Than Jobs

According to international trade specialists at Southern Illinois University, products make better exports than jobs.

Find out why here.

Illustration credit here.

Saturday, June 25, 2011

World: Let The Summer Fun Begin

"I wonder what it would be like to live in a world where it was always June." ~ L. M. Montgomery

Photo credit: ©Laurel Delaney 2011. All rights reserved. Chicago lakefront.

Posted by:  The Global Small Business Blog

Friday, June 24, 2011

Wednesday, June 22, 2011

Amazon Releases Pre-Order Of Marsha Coleman-Adebayo Memoir

Marsha Cole-Adebayo
"No Fear: A Whistleblower's Triumph Over Corruption and Retaliation at the EPA"

Publisher: Lawrence Hill Books/Chicago Review

Pages: 480

Price ( Hardcover ): $27.95

Amazon Price: $18.75

Publication Date: September 1, 2011

ISBN ( Hardcover ): 978-1-55652-818-7

Category: Nonfiction

Coleman-Adebayo’s memoir recounts the legal battle culminating in the 2002 No FEAR Act, “the first civil-rights and whistleblower act of the 21st century.”

Steeped in the history of the civil-rights and women’s movements and blessed with a keen intellect, the author earned degrees from Barnard College, Columbia University and MIT. In 1990, she was on track toward a promising career with the EPA, considered one of the most progressive federal agencies. However, Coleman-Adebayo soon sensed that all was not well. Pay discrepancies ran along racial and gender lines, and white men dominated the ranks of the executives. During a trip to South Africa as a member of the Gore-Mbeki Commission, the author witnessed the “systematic, verifiable, environmentally devastating” effects of vanadium mining, a metal considered strategic by the CIA. She was quickly stymied by her superiors in her efforts at solving the South African environmental issues.

Once she reported her belief that “the EPA [was] covering up crimes…being committed by an American multinational corporation against the people of South Africa,” to the Washington Post, she became a whistleblower. Workplace retaliation was swift, resulting in her filing a complaint against the EPA. Weaving together her personal records with the transcript of the federal civil trial, in which she prevailed, the author provides an insider view of the legal tactics used at the highest level of government. Coleman-Adebayo also recounts the shenanigans surrounding the subsequent hearings and the strenuous political process involved in the unanimous passage in both houses of Congress of the No FEAR Act. (Amazon)

What Is a Freight Forwarder?

Good video from the U.S. Census/Foreign Trade that addresses the question of:  What is a freight forwarder?

Related articles in support of video:

11 Questions a Logistics Specialist Will Ask

Packing for International Shipping:  10 Factors to Consider When Packing For International Shipping

How to Prepare a Proforma Invoice

Posted by: The Global Small Business Blog

Tuesday, June 21, 2011

American Electric Power Co. v. Connecticut et al.

Yesterday, the US Supreme Court ruled 8-0 that the Clean Air Act displaces the federal common law of nuisance with respect to climate change and its mitigation. (You can read the opinion here). Justice Sotomayor did not take part in the decision; she had sat on the appellate panel below, but was not a party to that court's ruling.

Most scholars expected this result. In fact, I doubt whether more than a few were surprised that it was a unanimous decision. Many environmentalists will not be pleased that  state and private plaintiffs cannot sue power plants and other large carbon emitters for nuisance. It certainly reduces the incentive large emitters have to seek a federal solution as a means of reducing common-law exposure. However, the prospect of controlling greenhouse gas emissions through nuisance law has always struck me as both  haphazard and too costly, relative to a well-designed regulatory scheme (which still isn't in place).

Perhaps more important than the Court's ruling on the merits, going forward, is the Court's strong reaffirmation of Massachusetts v. EPA. As Dan Farber explains (here), Justice Sotomayor, voting in subsequent cases, would make a clear 5-vote majority on issues of standing and the political question doctrine.

TOP LAST.FM

1.ADELE - ROLLING IN THE DEEP


2. [=] Lady Gaga - Judas
3. [=] Lady Gaga - Born This Way
4. [=] Lady Gaga - The Edge Of Glory
5.  [=] Adele - Set Fire To The Rain
6. [=] Adele - Someone Like You
7. [=] Lady Gaga - Schiebe
8. [=] Arctic Monkeys - Don't Sit Down Cause I Moved Your Chair
9. [+6] Adele - Turning Tables
10. [+143] Katy Perry - Last Friday Night (TGIF)

Trade Balance: April 2011

•  Exports increased to $175.6 billion in April from $173.4 billion in March.
•  Imports decreased to $219.2 billion in April from $220.2 billion in March. 

To learn more about good and services by category and goods by geographical area, go here.

Source:  U.S. Census Bureau/Foreign Trade Data

Monday, June 20, 2011

TOP ITUNES WORLDWIDE


1. LMFAO - PARTY ROCK ANTHEM


2) [-1] Pitbull feat. Afrojack, Ne-Yo & Nayer - Give Me Everything
3) [=] Jennifer Lopez feat. Pitbull - On The Floor
4) [+1] Alexandra Stan - Mr. Saxobeat
5) [+1] Adele - Rolling In The Deep
6) [NEW] Lady Gaga - The Edge Of Glory
7) [+2] Adele - Set The Fire To The Rain
8) [-1] Bruno Mars - The Lazy Song
9) [+1] Snoop Dogg - Sweat (David Guetta Remix)
10) [-6] Coldplay - Every Teardrop Is a Waterfall

TOP LATINO

1.JENNIFER LOPEZ FEAT. PITBULL - ON THE FLOOR

2) [=] Maná - Lluvia Al Corazón
3) [=] Ricky Martin - Mas
4) [+4] Lady Gaga - Judas
5) [+2] Alexandra Stan - Mr. Saxobeat
6) [-2] Britney Spears - Till The World Ends
7) [+3] Adele - Rolling In The Deep
8) [+10] Camila - Entre Tus Alas
9) [+2] Alejandra Guzman - Dia De Suerte
10) [-5] Rihanna - S&M

TOP AUSTRALIA

1.LMFAO - PARTY ROCK ANTHEM


2) [=] Pitbull feat. Ne-Yo, Afrojack & Nayer - Give Me Everything
3) [+1] Adele - Someone Like You
4) [-1] Adele - Rolling In The Deep
5)[=] Jason DeRulo - Don't Wanna Go Home
6)[=] Katy Perry - Last Friday Night (TGIF)
7)[=] Dj Havanna Brown - We Run The Night
8) [=] Marvin Priest - Own This Club
9)[+9] Stan Walker - Loud
10)[+1] Jessie J - Nobody's Perfect

TOP ASIA


1. LMFAO - PARTY ROCK ANTHEM


2) [-1] Jennifer Lopez feat. Pitbull - On The Floor
3) [+1] Bruno Mars - The Lazy Song
4) [+2] Pitbull feat. Afrojack, Ne-yo & Nayer - Give Me Everything
5) [-2] Katy Perry feat. Kanye West - E.T.
6) [-1] Britney Spears - Till The World Ends
7) [=] Black Eyed Peas - Don't Stop The Party
8) [+2] Rihanna - California King Bed
9) [-1] Lady Gaga - Born This Way
10) [+1] Linkin Park - Iridescent

TOP ESPAÑA

1.JENNIFER LOPEZ FEAT. PITBULL - ON THE FLOOR

>

2)[+1] Lady Gaga - Judas
3)[-1] Rihanna - S&M
4)[+2] Pitbull - Give Me Everything
5)[-1] Jessie J - Price Tag
6)[+2] Maldita Nerea - Fácil
7)[-2] Alexandra Stan - Mr. Saxobeat
8)[-1] Black Eyed Peas - Just Can't Get Enough
9)[+1] Mohombi - Bumpy Ride
10)[-1] Carlos Jean - Lead The Way

TOP UK

1. EXAMPLE - CHANGED THE WAY YOU KISS ME

2) [NEW] Calvin Harris feat. Kelis - Bounce
3) [NEW] Ed Sheeran - The A Team
4) [-2] Pitbull feat. Afrojack, Ne-Yo & Nayer - Give Me Everything
5) [NEW] Tinchy Strider feat. Dappy - Spaceship
6) [-3] Nicole Scherzinger - Right There
7) [-3] Alexandra Stan - Mr. Saxobeat
8) [-3] Aloe Blacc - I Need A Dollar
9) [-2] LMFAO - Party Rock Anthem
10) [-1] Jennifer Lopez feat. Lil Wayne - I'm Into You

TOP USA

1.ADELE - ROLLING IN THE DEEP


2) [=] Pitbull feat. Afrojack, Ne-Yo & Nayer - Give Me Everything
3) [+3] LMFAO - Party Rock Anthem
4) [-1] Katy Perry feat. Kanye West - E.T.
5) [-1] Bruno Mars - The Lazy Song
6) [+1] Lady Gaga - The Edge Of Glory
7) [-2] Jennifer Lopez feat. Pitbull - On The Floor
8) [=] Black Eyed Peas - Just Can't Get Enough
9) [+14] Jason Aldean - Dirt Road Anthem
10) [+1] Nicki Minaj - Super Bass

TOP SOUTH AFRICA

1.BRUNO MARS - THE LAZY SONG



2) [+3] Lloyd - Make It Easy
3) [=] Alexis Jordan - Happiness
4) [-3] Selena Gomez - Who Says
5) [+1] Far East Movement feat. Ryan Tedder - Rocketeer
6) [+2] Jennifer Hudson - I Remember Me
7) [+3] Chris Brown - Beautiful People
8) [+6] Inna - Sun Is Up
9) [+2] Snoop Dogg - Sweat (David Guetta Remix)
10) [+3] CeeLo Green - Bright Lights Bigger City

How to Find a Good Importing Wholesaler

Stuck on how to find a reputable importing wholesaler or distributor for your product line?  This should do it -- my latest article for About.com -- as their Import and Export Guide:

How to Find and Pre-Qualify Importing Wholesalers For Your Product Line Overseas

Sunday, June 19, 2011

Tour de Suisse

I typically don't enjoy watching individual time trials in bike races; there's not enough action or drama. And if Fabian Cancellara is in the race, everyone else is racing for second place. That was the case today in the Tour de Suisse. Cancellara won the day handily. However, today's TT was full of excitement and intrigue because, as the last stage in the 8-day tour, the TT had the potential to dramatically alter the final GC standings. Damiano Cunego, who has defended the leader's jersey magnificently through all the mountain stages, is mediocre time-trialist at best. The second and third place riders, Steven Kruijswijk and Frank Schleck, are also not known for their prowess in the "race of truth." Sitting behind all of them in fourth place, however, was the American Levi Leipheimer, among the best TTers in the world.

At the start of the day, many expected that Leipheimer would displace Frank Schleck from third place, and possibly even challenge for second. But Leipheimer had more ambitious plans. When he hit the line at 41:14, just 13 seconds behind Cancellara's winning time, the stage was set for a dramatic conclusion. Already, it was clear that Leipheimer would leapfrog Schleck and Kruijswijk onto the second step of the podium. It only remained to be seen whether Cunego could finish quickly enough to prevent Leipheimer from claiming the final yellow jersey. With less than a kilometer to go, it was still close to call. Cunego needed to finish at 43:12 or under to win the tour. With 500 meters to go, he was giving it all he had, but time was rapidly slipping away. When he crossed the line, the clock read 41:17, and Leipheimer had  won the Tour de Suisse.

A great end to what has been a very exciting tour, which was devoid of the usual, dull (until the last 3 kilometers) sprinters' stages. I confess I feel bad for Cunego, who rode a very tough and intelligent race. But even Cunego conceded before Friday's stage that he needed to put more time into Leipheimer before the time trial. He failed to do so, and ended up losing an 8-stage race by 4 seconds. Kudos to Levi.

Friday, June 17, 2011

eBay: Fight For Growth in Asia Is Just Beginning

Will eBay make it in China?
The company argues that what matters is making money, and that it is building a much more viable business by exploiting its lead in the global market.
Is that all that matters in terms of running a global business: making money?

Well eBay plans to focus on that and reinventing its China business by helping local companies sell to consumers overseas.

Read the entire article here.

Thursday, June 16, 2011

How is the National Export Initiative Working For You?

That's the question I have for small businesses after I read this article:

Small Businesses Barely Keeping Afloat

As always, the comments baffle me.  But I am serious about my question:  Is the NEI working for small businesses?

Is it the best of times for BIG businesses and worst of times for small?  We welcome hearing from you!

Wednesday, June 15, 2011

The Rest of My Summer Reading (for This Year and Probably the Next)

I just received both volumes (all 1060 pages, not including appendices) of Derek Parfit's new book, On What Matters (Oxford 2011). My recollection, from reading Parfit's last book, Reasons and Persons (Oxford 1984), is that, although Parfit writes clearly, the sheer depth and complexity of his analysis makes for hard reading. I anticipate that the payoff to be high (otherwise, I wouldn't start reading the first page of the first volume). I cannot predict, however, how long it will take me to get to that payoff.

Four Papers I Read Today

Scott Masten, "Public Utility Ownership in 19th-Century America: The 'Aberrant' Case of Water" (Jan 2009). A very interesting historical/empirical study of why utilities for water supply, in contrast to other public utilities, became predominantly publicly owned before the end of the 19th century. Masten finds it was not a consequence of any special public financing issues or scale economies; rather public ownership of water utilities was largely a consequence of two factors: (1) the comparative simplicity of waterworks operation and management, which immunized them public water supply companies to some extent from inefficiencies usually associated with government ownership; and (2) friction between cities and private water companies relating to (a) extension of service to sparcely populated areas and (b) prolonged supply disruptions stemming from installation and repair of waterworks. Among the more interesting implications Masten draws from his historical analysis is that current efforts by World Bank and other organizations to induce developing countries to private waterworks as a mechanism for reducing water shortages may be misguided:
If, despite an institutional environment conducive to private ownership, American water and sanitation systems are overwhelmingly publicly owned and operated, it is reasonable to expect privatization to yield long-term gains in developing countries where the environment for private enterprise may be much less hospitable?
Masten's article provides a very useful reminder that the structure of property ownership is not simply a matter of ideology; nor is private ownership necessarily more economically efficient and productive than public ownership. Among other things, transaction costs matter!

Katherine Casey, Rachel Glennerster, and Edward Miguel, "Reshaping Institutions: Evidence on External Aid and Local Collective Action," NBER Workshop Paper 17012 (May 2011). The authors examine the short- and long-term consequences of a specific international aid program for Sierra Leone and find that, in the short-run, the aid program did achieve its aim of improving provision of local public goods, but failed to achieve the longer-run aim of improving local institutions for collective action. The implications of these disparate findings are interesting. On the one hand, the authors note, "[t]he results contradict the current popular notion in foreign aid circles that CDD ["community directed development"] is an effective method to initiate social change or fundamentally alter local decision-making processes." On the other hand, the "results also challenge the aid pessimist's view that external assistance cannot improve the lives of the poor in countries with weak institutions." Hopefully, other scholars will build on this work by applying the same analytical model to examine aid projects in different developing countries.

Marjan Peeters and Micolien van der Grijp, "Emerging national climate legislation in EU Member States: in search of proper legislative approaches," Maastrict Working Papers, Faculty of Law, 2011-6 (May 2011). A nice comparison of the French and English approaches to national climate legislation (supplemental to the European Union's Emissions Trading Scheme). The English approach is completely centralized and top-down, as is the norm within the UK's system of government. The French program, by contrast, is largely decentralized, with regions given a substantial amount of freedom to determine how national goals will be met. However different they may be, however, the national climate laws of France and the UK share one crucial feature in common: the lack of any enforcement apparatus for ensuring that the legislated goals are met. To my mind, that renders the goals of each country's climate law purely aspirational.

Last, but by no means least, Jeremy Edwards and Sheilagh Ogilvie, "What Lessons for Economic Development Can We Draw from the Champaign Fairs?," CESifo Working Paper No. 3438 (April 2011). This paper turns on its head just about everything we thought we knew about the Champaign fairs, and their significance for economic theories of the institutional basis for long-distance, impersonal exchange. The authors argue, provocatively but pretty convincingly, that the high level of contract enforcement, which made the fairs so successful, did not arise from private-order or corporative mechanisms, but instead was provided by public institutions. The paper seriously restructures our understanding of how and why legal-economic institutions arise.

TOP LAST.FM

1.ADELE - ROLLING IN THE DEEP


2. [=] Lady Gaga - Judas
3. [=] Lady Gaga - Born This Way
4. [=] Lady Gaga - The Edge Of Glory
5.  [+6] Adele - Set Fire To The Rain
6. [+6] Adele - Someone Like You
7. [-2] Lady Gaga - Schiebe
8. [+22] Arctic Monkeys - Don't Sit Down Cause I Moved Your Chair
9. [-3] Lady Gaga - Goverment Hooker
10. [-2] Lady Gaga - Hair

A Bit of Cycling Eye Candy

Watching the Tour de Suisse (when I should be riding, but for a balky left knee), I noticed Team NetApp riding a very pretty bike made by a small, family-owned Austrian company of which I had not previously heard. It's the Simplon Pavo, and it's as nice looking as anything in the peloton, especially in the NetApp team colors.

How to Have Happy and Safe Travels Internationally

In response to rising travel threats worldwide, the following article might be useful to you in preparation for your next trip.

Crisis Abroad:  Tips for International Travelers

Related article:

International Travel Alerts:  Travel Alerts By Country

Posted by:  The Global Small Business Blog

Tuesday, June 14, 2011

Summer Labors

My summers are always devoted to research, writing, and cycling (not necessarily in that order). This summer, my work plans are unusually banal, which may be just as well considering that I'm in the process of moving jobs and possibly homes. Aside from the working paper I posted the other day (here), which I wrote for a conference last month, my summer writing consists mainly in preparing new editions of existing works.

Peter Grossman and I are currently working on a teachers manual to accompany the new edition of our Principles of Law and Economics, which will be published next month by Wolters Kluwer Aspen. I don't use teachers manuals myself, but Peter and I realize the importance of writing one for marketing purposes. So, we're working hard to make ours useful. It is not, however, the most edifying of projects. I also just finished up the copyright clearances for works we excerpt in the textbook. That was also a less than fascinating chore.

Once Peter and I finish up with  teachers manual and the page proofs (hopefully next week) my attention will turn to the new edition of Natural Resources Law, which I'm co-authoring with Jan Laitos, Sandi Zellmer, and Mary Wood. I've already completed first drafts of updates and revisions of two chapters. I just have the chapter on mining and mineral leasing law to go. My main goal for that chapter (aside from the usual updating of new cases, regulations, etc.), is to cut some fat from the last edition, and add in a new section on the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and its aftermath. That new section will be the one fun part of yet another uninspiring project.

If I'm lucky, I'll finish most of the work on new editions of existing books by mid-July, which would leave me a month before classes begin to get some work done on my long-suffering climate policy monograph. I don't have high hopes however, especially if we wind up moving lock, stock, and barrel to Bloomington. I have to be out of my office in Indy by the end of this month, and I'm about halfway moved out already; I've been moving boxes to Bloomington in drips and drabs each time I go down there. 

Expand Your Global Business Through Constant Reinvention

Do it the IBM way:
What started as a business making clocks, scales and cheese slicers has evolved into a global enterprise that’s responsible for a blur of innovations that include ATMs, mainframes, mini-computers, supercomputers, memory chips, the now obsolete typewriter, the barcode, and even that thin magnetic strip you see on your credit card.
Thanks to the Internet (and IBM), our world is not only becoming smaller but smarter too.

Read more about how IBM is transitioning from a multinational corporation to a globally integrated enterprise.  See if what they are doing applies to your global small business.  For example, where is your best work being done?  Put yourself and your business in the place with the most opportunity -- wherever that might be.

Thinking Big

Monday, June 13, 2011

Mixed Roots Film and Literary Festival 2011

We went to our first Mixed Roots Film and Literary Festival!

Guess who we met!

founders and co-hosts of
and founders of the annual













author of











Silver Spring Steve (left)
founder and editor of

G Reginald Daniel, Ph.D. (right)


How many ancestors do I have?

If you trace your family tree back 20 generations you will see that you have a million ancestors.

1,048,576 to be exact

As you trace your family tree back in time, you'll notice that your geographic roots encompass a larger and larger land mass.

TOP ITUNES WORLDWIDE


1. PITBULL FEAT. AFROJACK, NE-YO & NAYER - GIVE ME EVERYTHING


2) [=] LMFAO - Party Rock Anthem
3) [+1] Jennifer Lopez feat. Pitbull - On The Floor
4) [-3] Coldplay - Every Teardrop Is A Waterfall
5) [+1] Alexandra Stan - Mr. Saxobeat
6) [-1] Adele - Rolling In The Deep
7) [=] Bruno Mars - The Lazy Song
8) [NEW] Shakira - Rabiosa
9) [=] Adele - Set The Fire To The Rain
10) [-2] Snoop Dogg - Sweat (David Guetta Remix)

TOP LATINO

1.JENNIFER LOPEZ FEAT. PITBULL - ON THE FLOOR

2) [=] Maná - Lluvia Al Corazón
3) [+2] Ricky Martin - Mas
4) [=] Britney Spears - Till The World Ends
5) [+1] Rihanna - S&M
6) [+1] Katy Perry - E.T.
7) [+2] Alexandra Stan - Mr. Saxobeat
8) [+10] Lady Gaga - Judas
9) [+3] Black Eyed Peas - Just Can't Get Enough
10) [+4] Adele - Rolling In The Deep

TOP AUSTRALIA

1.LMFAO - PARTY ROCK ANTHEM


2) [=] Pitbull feat. Ne-Yo, Afrojack & Nayer - Give Me Everything
3) [=] Adele - Rolling In The Deep
4) [+13] Adele - Someone Like You
5)[+2] Jason DeRulo - Don't Wanna Go Home
6)[+6] Katy Perry - Last Friday Night (TGIF)
7)[-2] Dj Havanna Brown - We Run The Night
8) [-2] Marvin Priest - Own This Club
9)[-5] Rihanna - California King Bed
10)[-2] Simple Plan feat. Natasha Bedingfield - Jet Lag

TOP ASIA


1. JENNIFER LOPEZ FEAT. PITBULL - ON THE FLOOR


2) [+1] LMFAO - Party Rock Anthem
3) [-1] Katy Perry feat. Kanye West - E.T,
4) [=] Bruno Mars - The Lazy Song
5) [=] Britney Spears - Till The World Ends
6) [NEW] Pitbull feat. Afrojack, Ne-yo & Nayer - Give Me Everything
7) [+1] Black Eyed Peas - Don't Stop The Party
8) [-2] Lady Gaga - Born This Way
9) [-2] Wiz Khalifa - Black & Yellow
10) [+1] Rihanna - California King Bed

TOP ESPAÑA

1.JENNIFER LOPEZ FEAT. PITBULL - ON THE FLOOR

>

2)[+1] Rihanna - S&M
3)[+2] Lady Gaga - Judas
4)[=] Jessie J - Price Tag
5)[-2] Alexandra Stan - Mr. Saxobeat
6)[NEW] Pitbull - Give Me Everything
7)[=] Black Eyed Peas - Just Can't Get Enough
8)[+1] Maldita Nerea - Fácil
9)[-3] Carlos Jean - Lead The Way
10)[=] Mohombi - Bumpy Ride